Every time cells divide, the length of the telomere becomes shortened. The shorter the telomere is, the more times that particular cell has been copied. Over time, the telomere becomes so short that the cell no longer reproduces and is “retired”. This shortening of the telomere is known as cellular aging.

In humans, telomeres typically range in length from around 5000 base pairs to 15000 base pairs (5 to 15 kb). However, this number varies widely between individuals and depends on many factors, including age and health conditions. To measure telomere length, a small blood sample is taken and sent to a laboratory.

A blood test can estimate biological aging Blood biomarkers are affected by lifestyle factors including food choices, exercise, sleep patterns, stress levels, and recovery. Blood analysis can measure biomarkers correlated with aging and disease, and can be used to compute an overall score for your biological age.

Evidence suggests that such lengthy telomeres may be associated with greater cancer risk.” The qPCR test costs about $100 to process one blood sample, compared with $400 for flowFISH. According to Armanios, Johns Hopkins is believed to be the only U.S. hospital to offer flowFISH telomere length testing.

Telomere testing is a blood test that can reveal an incredible amount of information about your health, including the amount of wear and tear that you've put on your body. The test offers a snapshot of the length of your telomeres, which are the protective caps at the end of the chromosomes in your cells.

Every biological age test considers specific factors involving different organs or parts of the body and how they have progressed or been damaged since a person's birth. One of the methods is to consider a person's blood sample. It also requires studying the cell damage; for that, they might take a cheek skin swab.

We lose almost as much telomere length as we are going to lose during the whole of our lifetime. At birth the average telomere length is 10.000 bps. At 20 years of age the average telomere length is around 8.000 bps.

Studies measuring telomere lengths can have “tremendous scientific value”, says Epel, whereas individual telomere tests are a poor guide to your biological age. And, while too much telomerase may increase the risk of cancer, having shorter telomeres is linked with a range of other health problems.

Telomere length shortens with age. Rate of telomere shortening may indicate the pace of aging. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity, stress, exposure to pollution, etc. can potentially increase the rate of telomere shortening, cancer risk, and pace of aging.

Does telomere testing work? Some companies that offer at-home testing promise your DNA will reveal your true biological age and provide insight into your cellular health. In reality, the results obtained through telomere testing might not be valuable.

Age estimation The estimation of age from subadult remains can be accomplished through the assessment of the degree of dental development, dental eruption, long bone growth, and epiphyseal union. Adult age indicators reflect degenerative changes that occur with advancing age.

I should to get the age range, mean age, and median age for each age phase. I calculated them: age range=(maximum age of each phase)~(minimum age of each phase), mean age=sum of ages of each phase/the number of specimens in each phase, median age=find the value in the middle.